Part 107 · Chapter 02 of 04

Airspace & Flight Restrictions: Part 107 practice questions

Practice questions on Part 107 airspace: ATC authorization, special use airspace, TFRs, airport operations, radio use, and which Part 91 rules apply.

Last updated · 24 questions · every answer cites its source

This chapter covers the airspace part of the Part 107 knowledge test: how the airspace is classified, which classes need permission before a small unmanned aircraft enters them, how special use airspace and temporary flight restrictions work, and what Part 107 expects near airports and on the radio. The questions draw on 14 CFR Part 107 and the airspace rules in Parts 71, 73, 91 and 99, together with the FAA's explanation of the final rule published in the Federal Register in June 2016.

The central rule is 14 CFR 107.41. A remote pilot needs prior authorization from Air Traffic Control to fly in Class B, Class C or Class D airspace, or within the lateral boundaries of the surface area of Class E airspace designated for an airport. Class G airspace needs no such authorization, but 107.43 still forbids interfering with operations and traffic patterns at any airport, heliport or seaplane base. Prohibited and restricted areas, designated in Part 73, require permission from the using or controlling agency.

A common trap is assuming that every Part 91 airspace rule applies to drones. The FAA's preamble says Part 107 operations need not comply with Part 91 unless Part 107 explicitly directs it. Section 107.47 is one such provision: it applies the NOTAM-based flight restrictions in 91.137 through 91.145 and the special security instructions of 99.7, so a remote pilot must honor those restrictions. (Section 107.27 is another, applying the alcohol and drug rules of 91.17 and 91.19.) Other Part 91 provisions, such as the two-way radio rule for Class D airspace or the VFR weather minimums table, do not apply on their own; Part 107 sets its own visibility and cloud limits in 107.51.

Form 01 / 24 #FFX09S #

Under 14 CFR 107.41, which of these requires prior authorization from Air Traffic Control before a small unmanned aircraft may be flown there?

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Answer

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Answer Class E airspace that begins at the surface and is designated for an airport

Section 107.41 requires prior ATC authorization in Class B, Class C and Class D airspace and within the lateral boundaries of the surface area of Class E airspace designated for an airport. Other Class E airspace is not on that list, such as the areas that 71.71(c) describes as extending upward from 1,200 feet or more above the surface for transitioning to or from the terminal or en route environment. Class G airspace is not listed either, and the rule is tied to airspace class, not distance, so being within 5 miles of a nontowered airport in Class G airspace does not trigger 107.41.

Sources

  1. Federal Aviation Administration · § 107.41 · Primary source · checked
    “No person may operate a small unmanned aircraft in Class B, Class C, or Class D airspace or within the lateral boundaries of the surface area of Class E airspace designated for an airport unless that person has prior authorization from Air Traffic Control (ATC).”
  2. Federal Aviation Administration · § 71.71(c) · Primary source · checked
    “or from 1,200 feet or more above the surface of the earth for the purpose of transitioning to or from the terminal or en route environment.”

Updated · Exam outline: 107.73(b)

Form 02 / 24 #477G09 True / False #

The 14 CFR 107.41 requirement for ATC authorization before operating in Class B, C, or D airspace appears on the 14 CFR 107.205 list of regulations subject to waiver.

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Answer

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Answer True

True. Section 107.205(h) lists Section 107.41, Operation in certain airspace, among the regulations from which a certificate of waiver issued under 107.200 may authorize a deviation. The FAA's preamble describes the waiver as a second route into controlled airspace: besides seeking approval from the ATC facility with jurisdiction over the airspace, a remote pilot may request a waiver from this provision. Under 107.200(a), the Administrator issues such a waiver only after finding that the proposed operation can safely be conducted under its terms.

Sources

  1. Federal Aviation Administration · § 107.205 (introductory text) and (h) · Primary source · checked
    “A certificate of waiver issued pursuant to § 107.200 may authorize a deviation from the following regulations of this part: … (h) Section 107.41—Operation in certain airspace.”
  2. Federal Aviation Administration · 81 FR 42064 at 42143, § III.E.5.a Operations in Class B, C, D, and Lateral Boundaries of the Surface Area of Class E Airspace Designated for an Airport · Primary source · checked
    “The second method allows a remote pilot to request a waiver from this provision in order to operate in Class B through E airspace.”
  3. Federal Aviation Administration · § 107.200(a) · Primary source · checked
    “The Administrator may issue a certificate of waiver authorizing a deviation from any regulation specified in § 107.205 if the Administrator finds that a proposed small UAS operation can safely be conducted under the terms of that certificate of waiver.”

Updated · Exam outline: 107.73(b)

Form 03 / 24 #0955SB True / False #

According to the FAA's preamble to the Part 107 final rule, a remote pilot who has no internet access at the site may request the 14 CFR 107.41 authorization to operate in Class D airspace by calling ATC on an air traffic control radio frequency.

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Answer

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Answer False

False. Section 107.41 requires prior authorization from ATC, and the preamble explains how to ask for it. Requests to operate in Class B, C, or D airspace or the surface area of Class E airspace designated for an airport should be made in writing or by an electronic method that the Administrator determines and publicizes on the FAA's website. Requests made over air traffic control radio communication frequencies will not be accepted, because they may interfere with the separation of aircraft.

Sources

  1. Federal Aviation Administration · 81 FR 42064 at 42143, § III.E.5.a Operations in Class B, C, D, and Lateral Boundaries of the Surface Area of Class E Airspace Designated for an Airport · Primary source · checked
    “Requests for authorization to operate a UAS in one of the above areas should be made by writing or an electronic method as determined by the Administrator and publicized on the FAA’s Web site. Requests for such authorization via air traffic control radio communication frequencies will not be accepted because they may interfere with the separation of aircraft.”
  2. Federal Aviation Administration · § 107.41 · Primary source · checked
    “No person may operate a small unmanned aircraft in Class B, Class C, or Class D airspace or within the lateral boundaries of the surface area of Class E airspace designated for an airport unless that person has prior authorization from Air Traffic Control (ATC).”

Updated · Exam outline: 107.73(g)

Form 04 / 24 #Z1W0J6 #

Under 14 CFR 107.41, as the FAA explains it in the Part 107 preamble, whose permission does a remote pilot need before flying a small unmanned aircraft in Class C airspace?

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Answer

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Answer The air traffic control facility having jurisdiction over that Class C airspace

Section 107.41 requires prior authorization from Air Traffic Control for Class B, C, or D airspace or the surface area of Class E airspace designated for an airport, and the preamble says the remote pilot seeks approval from the ATC facility with jurisdiction over that airspace. An airport operator has no responsibility for air traffic or activities outside airport property; the FAA calls the ATC facility the proper focal point for approval. Filing a flight plan is not a substitute: it would not tell ATC the nature of the operation or let it apply mitigations in time.

Sources

  1. Federal Aviation Administration · § 107.41 · Primary source · checked
    “No person may operate a small unmanned aircraft in Class B, Class C, or Class D airspace or within the lateral boundaries of the surface area of Class E airspace designated for an airport unless that person has prior authorization from Air Traffic Control (ATC).”
  2. Federal Aviation Administration · 81 FR 42064 at 42143, § III.E.5.a Operations in Class B, C, D, and Lateral Boundaries of the Surface Area of Class E Airspace Designated for an Airport · Primary source · checked
    “The first method is the same as what was proposed in the NPRM: A remote pilot in command may seek approval from the ATC facility with jurisdiction over the airspace in which the remote pilot would like to conduct operations.”
  3. Federal Aviation Administration · 81 FR 42064 at 42145, § III.E.5.a Operations in Class B, C, D, and Lateral Boundaries of the Surface Area of Class E Airspace Designated for an Airport · Primary source · checked
    “An airport operator does not have responsibility for air traffic or activities outside airport property. … The ATC facility is the proper focal point for approval and notification for small UAS operations in controlled airspace under this rule.”
  4. Federal Aviation Administration · 81 FR 42064 at 42144, § III.E.5.a Operations in Class B, C, D, and Lateral Boundaries of the Surface Area of Class E Airspace Designated for an Airport · Primary source · checked
    “Filing a flight plan would not alert ATC in advance as to the nature of the operation, nor would it give them an opportunity to apply mitigations in a timely manner. … Therefore, a flight plan is not a viable substitute for obtaining ATC permission.”

Updated · Exam outline: 107.73(b)

Form 05 / 24 #T8B7MX #

A remote pilot wants to rely on extra equipment, such as geo-fencing, to show that a flight in controlled airspace is safe. According to the Part 107 preamble, how can that equipment be put forward?

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Answer

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Answer In an application for a certificate of waiver from the airspace rule

The preamble states that the ATC facility does not have the authority to approve or deny small UAS operations on the basis of equipage that exceeds the Part 107 requirements. Technologies such as geo-fencing have not been certificated by the FAA and must be examined case by case, and reviewing them would burden ATC. A remote pilot who wants to demonstrate mitigations through equipage may instead apply for a waiver, which is possible because 107.205(h) lists 107.41. A NOTAM is not the route either; the FAA declined to impose additional NOTAM requirements on small UAS operations.

Sources

  1. Federal Aviation Administration · 81 FR 42064 at 42143, § III.E.5.a Operations in Class B, C, D, and Lateral Boundaries of the Surface Area of Class E Airspace Designated for an Airport · Primary source · checked
    “The ATC facility does not have the authority to approve or deny small UAS operations on the basis of equipage that exceeds the part 107 requirements. … Instead, a remote pilot who wishes to operate in controlled airspace because he or she can demonstrate mitigations through equipage may do so by applying for a waiver.”
  2. Federal Aviation Administration · 81 FR 42064 at 42143, § III.E.5.a Operations in Class B, C, D, and Lateral Boundaries of the Surface Area of Class E Airspace Designated for an Airport · Primary source · checked
    “Because additional equipage and technologies such as geo-fencing have not been certificated by the FAA, they therefore need to be examined on a case-by-case basis”
  3. Federal Aviation Administration · § 107.205(h) · Primary source · checked
    “(h) Section 107.41—Operation in certain airspace.”
  4. Federal Aviation Administration · 81 FR 42064 at 42148, § III.E.5.d Areas Designated by Notice to Airmen · Primary source · checked
    “The FAA also declines to impose additional NOTAM requirements on small UAS operations.”

Updated · Exam outline: 107.73(b)

Form 06 / 24 #K45PFH True / False #

14 CFR 107.43 sets a minimum distance between a small unmanned aircraft and a nontowered airport in Class G airspace.

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Answer

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Answer False

False. Section 107.43 sets no distance. It prohibits operating a small unmanned aircraft in a manner that interferes with operations and traffic patterns at any airport, heliport, or seaplane base. The preamble explains that the FAA chose this performance-based approach and will not restrict small UAS operations within a specified distance from an airport. Class G airspace is also not on the 107.41 list, so no ATC approval is involved there.

Sources

  1. Federal Aviation Administration · § 107.43 · Primary source · checked
    “No person may operate a small unmanned aircraft in a manner that interferes with operations and traffic patterns at any airport, heliport, or seaplane base.”
  2. Federal Aviation Administration · 81 FR 42064 at 42148, § III.E.5.e Operations in Class G Airspace · Primary source · checked
    “the FAA will not restrict small UAS operations within a specified distance from an airport. Rather, in response to concerns regarding the integration of small UAS and manned aircraft, this rule will prohibit remote pilots from operating their small unmanned aircraft in a manner that interferes with operations and traffic patterns at airports, heliports, and seaplane bases.”
  3. Federal Aviation Administration · § 107.41 · Primary source · checked
    “No person may operate a small unmanned aircraft in Class B, Class C, or Class D airspace or within the lateral boundaries of the surface area of Class E airspace designated for an airport unless that person has prior authorization from Air Traffic Control (ATC).”

Updated · Exam outline: 107.73(k)

Form 07 / 24 #95539F True / False #

In an example in the Part 107 preamble, a small UA hovering 200 feet above a runway causes a manned aircraft holding short to delay its takeoff. The FAA treats this as interfering with airport operations under 14 CFR 107.43, even though it does not violate the right-of-way rule in 107.37(a).

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Answer

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Answer True

True. Section 107.43 bars operating in a manner that interferes with operations and traffic patterns at any airport, heliport, or seaplane base. The preamble explains that a manned aircraft may alter its flight path or delay a landing or takeoff to avoid a small UA. In the example, the hovering aircraft poses no immediate traffic conflict and does not break 107.37(a), yet it has interfered with operations and traffic patterns at the airport. The preamble therefore advises remote pilots to avoid the traffic pattern and published approach corridors used by manned aircraft.

Sources

  1. Federal Aviation Administration · § 107.43 · Primary source · checked
    “No person may operate a small unmanned aircraft in a manner that interferes with operations and traffic patterns at any airport, heliport, or seaplane base.”
  2. Federal Aviation Administration · 81 FR 42064 at 42148, § III.E.5.e Operations in Class G Airspace · Primary source · checked
    “For example, an unmanned aircraft hovering 200 feet above a runway may cause a manned aircraft holding short of the runway to delay take off … nor would it violate the right-of-way provision of § 107.37(a), the small unmanned aircraft would have interfered with operations and traffic patterns at an airport.”
  3. Federal Aviation Administration · 81 FR 42064 at 42148, § III.E.5.e Operations in Class G Airspace · Primary source · checked
    “In order to avoid interfering with operations in a traffic pattern, remote pilots should avoid operating in the traffic pattern or published approach corridors used by manned aircraft.”

Updated · Exam outline: 107.73(k)

Form 08 / 24 #9Z43WK True / False #

A remote pilot may fly within the Class E surface area designated for a nontowered airport without ATC authorization, because the airport has no operating control tower.

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Answer

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Answer False

False. Section 107.41 turns on the class of airspace, not on whether the airport has a tower. It requires prior ATC authorization within the lateral boundaries of the surface area of Class E airspace designated for an airport, as well as in Class B, C, and D airspace. The preamble states it directly: for operations in the vicinity of nontowered airports located in Class E surface areas, the remote pilot in command must obtain prior permission from Air Traffic Control.

Sources

  1. Federal Aviation Administration · § 107.41 · Primary source · checked
    “No person may operate a small unmanned aircraft in Class B, Class C, or Class D airspace or within the lateral boundaries of the surface area of Class E airspace designated for an airport unless that person has prior authorization from Air Traffic Control (ATC).”
  2. Federal Aviation Administration · 81 FR 42064 at 42148, § III.E.5.e Operations in Class G Airspace · Primary source · checked
    “For operations in the vicinity of nontowered airports located in class E surface areas, the remote pilot in command must obtain prior permission from Air Traffic Control.”

Updated · Exam outline: 107.73(b)

Form 09 / 24 #H028YD #

Under 14 CFR 107.45 and Part 73, who can authorize a small unmanned aircraft flight inside a prohibited area?

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Answer

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Answer The using agency that established the requirements for the prohibited area

Section 107.45 bars operating a small UA in prohibited or restricted areas without permission from the using or controlling agency, as appropriate. For a prohibited area, 73.83 says no person may operate an aircraft within it unless authorization has been granted by the using agency, and 73.85 defines that agency as the agency, organization, or military command that established the requirements for the area. A 107.41 authorization covers Class B, C, D and Class E surface areas, not prohibited areas. A waiver is not available, because 107.45 does not appear on the 107.205 list of waivable rules.

Sources

  1. Federal Aviation Administration · § 107.45 · Primary source · checked
    “No person may operate a small unmanned aircraft in prohibited or restricted areas unless that person has permission from the using or controlling agency, as appropriate.”
  2. Federal Aviation Administration · § 73.83 · Primary source · checked
    “No person may operate an aircraft within a prohibited area unless authorization has been granted by the using agency.”
  3. Federal Aviation Administration · § 73.85 · Primary source · checked
    “For the purpose of this subpart, the using agency is the agency, organization or military command that established the requirements for the prohibited area.”
  4. Federal Aviation Administration · § 107.41 · Primary source · checked
    “No person may operate a small unmanned aircraft in Class B, Class C, or Class D airspace or within the lateral boundaries of the surface area of Class E airspace designated for an airport unless that person has prior authorization from Air Traffic Control (ATC).”
  5. Federal Aviation Administration · § 107.205 (introductory text) and (a)–(j) · Primary source · checked
    “A certificate of waiver issued pursuant to § 107.200 may authorize a deviation from the following regulations of this part: … (g) Section 107.39—Operation over people. (h) Section 107.41—Operation in certain airspace. (i) Section 107.51—Operating limitations for small unmanned aircraft.”

Updated · Exam outline: 107.73(b)

Form 10 / 24 #NGVHK8 Choose 2 #

Choose TWO. Under 14 CFR 107.45 and Part 73, advance permission from which party allows a small unmanned aircraft to operate in an active restricted area?

Select 2.
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Answer

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Answer The using agency, whose activity made the area's designation necessary; The controlling agency, the FAA facility acting under a joint-use letter

Section 107.45 requires permission from the using or controlling agency, as appropriate, and 73.13 says no person may operate an aircraft within a restricted area between the designated altitudes and during the time of designation without the advance permission of the using agency or the controlling agency. Under 73.15 the using agency is the agency, organization, or military command whose activity made the designation necessary; under 73.17 the controlling agency is the FAA facility that may authorize transit through or flight within the area under a joint-use letter. Part 73 gives no such role to a state aviation agency, the TSA, or an airport sponsor.

Sources

  1. Federal Aviation Administration · § 107.45 · Primary source · checked
    “No person may operate a small unmanned aircraft in prohibited or restricted areas unless that person has permission from the using or controlling agency, as appropriate.”
  2. Federal Aviation Administration · § 73.13 · Primary source · checked
    “No person may operate an aircraft within a restricted area between the designated altitudes and during the time of designation, unless he has the advance permission of (a) The using agency described in § 73.15; or (b) The controlling agency described in § 73.17.”
  3. Federal Aviation Administration · § 73.15(a)(1) · Primary source · checked
    “The agency, organization, or military command whose activity within a restricted area necessitated the area being so designated.”
  4. Federal Aviation Administration · § 73.17 · Primary source · checked
    “For the purposes of this part, the controlling agency is the FAA facility that may authorize transit through or flight within a restricted area in accordance with a joint-use letter issued under § 73.15.”

Updated · Exam outline: 107.73(b)

Form 11 / 24 #R6F3ZB True / False #

Unless otherwise specified, when a special use airspace designation, such as a restricted area, extends "to" a stated altitude, that altitude is included in the area.

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Answer

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Answer True

True. Section 73.3(b) says the vertical limits of special use airspace are measured by designated altitude floors and ceilings expressed as flight levels or as feet above mean sea level, and that unless otherwise specified the word "to" an altitude or flight level means "to and including" that altitude or flight level. Special use airspace itself is airspace of defined dimensions in which activities must be confined because of their nature, or in which limitations are imposed on aircraft operations that are not part of those activities (73.3(a)).

Sources

  1. Federal Aviation Administration · § 73.3(b) · Primary source · checked
    “The vertical limits of special use airspace are measured by designated altitude floors and ceilings expressed as flight levels or as feet above mean sea level. Unless otherwise specified, the word “to” (an altitude or flight level) means “to and including” (that altitude or flight level).”
  2. Federal Aviation Administration · § 73.3(a) · Primary source · checked
    “Special use airspace consists of airspace of defined dimensions identified by an area on the surface of the earth wherein activities must be confined because of their nature, or wherein limitations are imposed upon aircraft operations that are not a part of those activities, or both.”

Updated · Exam outline: 107.73(b)

Form 12 / 24 #251AK0 Choose 2 #

Choose TWO. 14 CFR 107.47 requires a remote pilot in command to comply with which of these provisions?

Select 2.
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Answer

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Answer § 99.7 — special security instructions; § 91.141 — flight restrictions in the proximity of the Presidential and other parties

Section 107.47 names §§ 91.137 through 91.145 and § 99.7. Section 91.141, which bars operating contrary to NOTAM restrictions over or near areas to be visited by the President, the Vice President, or other public figures, falls inside that range. Section 99.7 requires each person operating an aircraft in an ADIZ or Defense Area to comply with special security instructions issued in the interest of national security. Section 91.133 and § 91.126 fall outside the 91.137 to 91.145 range, and § 99.11, the ADIZ flight plan rule, is not the Part 99 section that 107.47 names.

Sources

  1. Federal Aviation Administration · § 107.47 · Primary source · checked
    “A person acting as a remote pilot in command must comply with the provisions of §§ 91.137 through 91.145 and 99.7 of this chapter.”
  2. Federal Aviation Administration · § 91.141 · Primary source · checked
    “No person may operate an aircraft over or in the vicinity of any area to be visited or traveled by the President, the Vice President, or other public figures contrary to the restrictions established by the Administrator and published in a Notice to Airmen (NOTAM).”
  3. Federal Aviation Administration · § 99.7 · Primary source · checked
    “Each person operating an aircraft in an ADIZ or Defense Area must, in addition to the applicable rules of this part, comply with special security instructions issued by the Administrator in the interest of national security”

Updated · Exam outline: 107.73(b)

Form 13 / 24 #AQTWT4 #

A NOTAM issued under 14 CFR 91.137(a)(1) designates a temporary flight restriction area. Under 91.137(b), which aircraft may operate within that area?

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Answer

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Answer One taking part in the relief effort under the on-scene official's direction

A NOTAM under 91.137(a)(1) protects persons and property on the surface or in the air from a hazard associated with an incident on the surface. For that area, 91.137(b) allows only an aircraft that is participating in the hazard relief activities and is operated under the direction of the official in charge of on-scene emergency response activities. Carrying law enforcement officials or accredited news representatives are conditions in 91.137(c) and (d), which cover TFRs issued under (a)(2) and (a)(3); they do not open an (a)(1) area. Section 107.47 makes 91.137 binding on a remote pilot in command.

Sources

  1. Federal Aviation Administration · § 91.137(b) · Primary source · checked
    “(b) When a NOTAM has been issued under paragraph (a)(1) of this section, no person may operate an aircraft within the designated area unless that aircraft is participating in the hazard relief activities and is being operated under the direction of the official in charge of on scene emergency response activities.”
  2. Federal Aviation Administration · § 91.137(a)(1) · Primary source · checked
    “(1) Protect persons and property on the surface or in the air from a hazard associated with an incident on the surface;”
  3. Federal Aviation Administration · § 91.137(c)(2), (c)(5) and (d)(3) · Primary source · checked
    “(2) The aircraft is carrying law enforcement officials. … (5) The aircraft is carrying properly accredited news representatives … (3) The aircraft is carrying incident or event personnel, or law enforcement officials.”
  4. Federal Aviation Administration · § 107.47 · Primary source · checked
    “A person acting as a remote pilot in command must comply with the provisions of §§ 91.137 through 91.145 and 99.7 of this chapter.”

Updated · Exam outline: 107.73(b)

Form 14 / 24 #1MQ8DJ True / False #

Under 14 CFR 107.47, a remote pilot must follow a 91.141 TFR for a Presidential visit, which has no exceptions other than those stated in its NOTAM.

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Answer

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Answer True

True. Section 91.141 says no person may operate an aircraft over or in the vicinity of any area to be visited or traveled by the President, the Vice President, or other public figures contrary to the restrictions established by the Administrator and published in a NOTAM. The preamble contrasts this with 91.137, whose paragraphs list conditions such as carrying law enforcement or media personnel: a 91.141 TFR has no exceptions other than those stated in the NOTAM. Section 107.47 makes 91.141 binding on a remote pilot in command.

Sources

  1. Federal Aviation Administration · § 91.141 · Primary source · checked
    “No person may operate an aircraft over or in the vicinity of any area to be visited or traveled by the President, the Vice President, or other public figures contrary to the restrictions established by the Administrator and published in a Notice to Airmen (NOTAM).”
  2. Federal Aviation Administration · 81 FR 42064 at 42147, § III.E.5.d Areas Designated by Notice to Airmen · Primary source · checked
    “Conditions under § 91.137(c) include that the aircraft be carrying law enforcement or media personnel, or the aircraft is operating under an ATC-approved IFR flight plan. … Conversely, a § 91.141 TFR in the proximity of Presidential and other parties has no exceptions other than those stated in the NOTAM.”
  3. Federal Aviation Administration · § 107.47 · Primary source · checked
    “A person acting as a remote pilot in command must comply with the provisions of §§ 91.137 through 91.145 and 99.7 of this chapter.”

Updated · Exam outline: 107.73(b)

Form 15 / 24 #H59XNW #

Under 14 CFR 91.145, the restricted airspace for a major sporting event is normally limited to what?

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Answer

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Answer A 3 nautical mile radius from the event's center, up to 2,500 feet above the surface

Section 91.145(e)(2) says the restricted airspace for a major sporting event will normally be limited to a 3 nautical mile radius from the center of the event and 2,500 feet above the surface, and no greater than the minimum airspace necessary. The 5 nautical mile radius belongs to aerial demonstrations under 91.145(e)(1), where the altitude is normally 17,000 feet MSL for high performance aircraft or 13,000 feet above the surface for certain parachute operations. Because 107.47 names 91.145, a remote pilot must follow such a TFR unless its terms, ATC, or a Flight Standards waiver or authorization allows the flight.

Sources

  1. Federal Aviation Administration · § 91.145(e)(2) · Primary source · checked
    “The restricted airspace will normally be limited to a 3 nautical mile radius from the center of the event and 2500 feet above the surface but will not be greater than the minimum airspace necessary for the management of aircraft operations in the vicinity of the specified area.”
  2. Federal Aviation Administration · § 91.145(e)(1) · Primary source · checked
    “The restricted airspace area will normally be limited to a 5 nautical mile radius from the center of the demonstration and an altitude 17000 mean sea level (for high performance aircraft) or 13000 feet above the surface (for certain parachute operations)”
  3. Federal Aviation Administration · § 91.145(d) · Primary source · checked
    “no person may operate an aircraft or device, or engage in any activity within the designated airspace area, except in accordance with the authorizations, terms, and conditions of the temporary flight restriction published in the NOTAM, unless otherwise authorized by: (1) Air traffic control; or (2) A Flight Standards Certificate of Waiver or Authorization issued for the demonstration or event.”
  4. Federal Aviation Administration · § 107.47 · Primary source · checked
    “A person acting as a remote pilot in command must comply with the provisions of §§ 91.137 through 91.145 and 99.7 of this chapter.”

Updated · Exam outline: 107.73(b)

Form 16 / 24 #EE2EB1 True / False #

Under 14 CFR 91.143, a remote pilot may fly within an area that a NOTAM designates for space flight operations when ATC authorizes it.

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Answer

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Answer True

True. Section 91.143 says that when a NOTAM is issued under it, no person may operate any aircraft of U.S. registry, or pilot any aircraft under the authority of an FAA airman certificate, within areas designated in a NOTAM for space flight operation except when authorized by ATC. Section 107.47 names 91.137 through 91.145, so this restriction and its ATC-authorization exception apply to a remote pilot in command flying under Part 107.

Sources

  1. Federal Aviation Administration · § 91.143 · Primary source · checked
    “When a Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) is issued in accordance with this section, no person may operate any aircraft of U.S. registry, or pilot any aircraft under the authority of an airman certificate issued by the Federal Aviation Administration, within areas designated in a NOTAM for space flight operation except when authorized by ATC.”
  2. Federal Aviation Administration · § 107.47 · Primary source · checked
    “A person acting as a remote pilot in command must comply with the provisions of §§ 91.137 through 91.145 and 99.7 of this chapter.”

Updated · Exam outline: 107.73(b)

Form 17 / 24 #X449TP #

A small UA will fly under Part 107 inside the Mode C veil of a Class B airport, but outside the Class B airspace itself. No FAA authorization covers the aircraft's equipment. What do the Part 107 rules say about a transponder?

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Answer

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Answer Any transponder on board must be switched off for the whole flight

The preamble says operations conducted under Part 107 do not need to comply with Part 91 unless Part 107 explicitly directs it, and that the Mode C veil transponder requirement of 91.215(b)(2) is not required of Part 107 operations. Part 107 goes further: under 107.52, unless otherwise authorized by the Administrator, no person may operate a small UAS under Part 107 with a transponder on, and no such authorization exists here. ADS-B Out is no substitute, because 107.53 likewise bars operating with ADS-B Out equipment in transmit mode without that authorization.

Sources

  1. Federal Aviation Administration · § 107.52 · Primary source · checked
    “Unless otherwise authorized by the Administrator, no person may operate a small unmanned aircraft system under this part with a transponder on.”
  2. Federal Aviation Administration · 81 FR 42064 at 42145, § III.E.5.a Operations in Class B, C, D, and Lateral Boundaries of the Surface Area of Class E Airspace Designated for an Airport · Primary source · checked
    “operations conducted under part 107 do not need to comply with part 91 unless explicitly directed by part 107. The transponder requirement in the mode C veil (14 CFR part 91.215(b)(2)) is not required of part 107 operations.”
  3. Federal Aviation Administration · § 107.53 · Primary source · checked
    “Unless otherwise authorized by the Administrator, no person may operate a small unmanned aircraft system under this part with ADS-B Out equipment in transmit mode.”

Updated · Exam outline: 107.73(b)

Form 18 / 24 #480R55 #

A remote pilot has ATC authorization to fly a small UA in Class D airspace. According to the Part 107 preamble, what determines whether two-way radio contact with ATC is needed?

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Answer

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Answer The conditions ATC attaches to its approval, since Part 107 sets no method itself

The preamble states that the rule does not mandate a specific method of communication with ATC, and that an ATC facility may request two-way radio communications as a condition of approval. Section 91.129(c) does require each person operating an aircraft in Class D airspace to establish two-way radio communications, but Part 107 operations do not need to comply with Part 91 unless Part 107 explicitly directs it, and 107.41 does not. The FAA also rejected a sport pilot certificate requirement, saying it would not ensure the appropriate knowledge and skills.

Sources

  1. Federal Aviation Administration · 81 FR 42064 at 42144, § III.E.5.a Operations in Class B, C, D, and Lateral Boundaries of the Surface Area of Class E Airspace Designated for an Airport · Primary source · checked
    “This rule does not mandate a specific method of communication with ATC. In its evaluation of a request to fly in controlled airspace, an ATC facility may request two-way radio communications as a condition of approval for that request.”
  2. Federal Aviation Administration · 81 FR 42064 at 42145, § III.E.5.a Operations in Class B, C, D, and Lateral Boundaries of the Surface Area of Class E Airspace Designated for an Airport · Primary source · checked
    “In response, the FAA notes that operations conducted under part 107 do not need to comply with part 91 unless explicitly directed by part 107.”
  3. Federal Aviation Administration · § 91.129(c)(1) · Primary source · checked
    “Each person must establish two-way radio communications with the ATC facility (including foreign ATC in the case of foreign airspace designated in the United States) providing air traffic services prior to entering that airspace”
  4. Federal Aviation Administration · 81 FR 42064 at 42144, § III.E.5.a Operations in Class B, C, D, and Lateral Boundaries of the Surface Area of Class E Airspace Designated for an Airport · Primary source · checked
    “Imposing a general sport pilot certificate requirement would not ensure the appropriate knowledge and skills”

Updated · Exam outline: 107.73(g)

Form 19 / 24 #Y13Z1H True / False #

14 CFR 107.43 includes a requirement that a small UAS flown near an airport in Class G airspace carry radio equipment for talking with manned aircraft in the traffic pattern.

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Answer

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Answer False

False. Part 107 has no radio equipage requirement. Section 107.43 only prohibits operating in a manner that interferes with operations and traffic patterns at any airport, heliport, or seaplane base; it says nothing about radios. In the preamble, the FAA notes that almost all airports in Class G airspace lack ATC facilities for the remote pilot in command to communicate with by radio, and it declines to generally require small UAS operations to have radio equipage. Because the small unmanned aircraft must yield the right of way, the remote pilot does not need to talk to the manned-aircraft pilot; the remote pilot can simply maneuver the small UA away from the manned aircraft.

Sources

  1. Federal Aviation Administration · 81 FR 42064 at 42112, § III.E.2.d.ii Radio Equipment · Primary source · checked
    “The FAA also notes that almost all airports in Class G airspace lack ATC facilities for the remote pilot in command to communicate with via radio. … The FAA also declines to generally require small UAS operations to have radio equipage.”
  2. Federal Aviation Administration · 81 FR 42064 at 42112, § III.E.2.d.ii Radio Equipment · Primary source · checked
    “The remote pilot in command need not communicate with the manned-aircraft pilot to accomplish this task; the remote pilot can simply maneuver the small”
  3. Federal Aviation Administration · § 107.43 · Primary source · checked
    “No person may operate a small unmanned aircraft in a manner that interferes with operations and traffic patterns at any airport, heliport, or seaplane base.”

Updated · Exam outline: 107.73(g)

Form 20 / 24 #ME9H3P #

Over the 48 contiguous States, at what altitude does Class A airspace begin under 14 CFR 71.33?

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Answer

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Answer 18,000 feet MSL

Section 71.33(a) designates Class A airspace from 18,000 feet MSL to and including FL600 over the 48 contiguous States, including the airspace over waters within 12 nautical miles of the coast. 14,500 feet MSL is where the general Class E airspace of 71.71(a) begins, and 10,000 feet MSL is a boundary used in the Part 91 VFR weather minimums table. Part 107 has no Class A rule; the preamble explains that a small UA cannot reach Class A airspace without violating other Part 107 restrictions.

Sources

  1. Federal Aviation Administration · § 71.33(a) · Primary source · checked
    “That airspace of the United States, including that airspace overlying the waters within 12 nautical miles of the coast of the 48 contiguous States, from 18,000 feet MSL to and including FL600 excluding the states of Alaska and Hawaii.”
  2. Federal Aviation Administration · § 71.71(a) · Primary source · checked
    “extending upward from 14,500 feet MSL up to, but not including 18,000 feet MSL”
  3. Federal Aviation Administration · § 91.155(a) (table) · Primary source · checked
    “Less than 10,000 feet MSL … At or above 10,000 feet MSL”
  4. Federal Aviation Administration · 81 FR 42064 at 42146, § III.E.5.b Operations in Class A Airspace · Primary source · checked
    “This rule will not adopt the proposed prohibition because a small unmanned aircraft will be unable to access Class A airspace without violating the other operational restrictions of part 107.”

Updated · Exam outline: 107.73(b)

Form 21 / 24 #ZN67V6 True / False #

Under 14 CFR 71.71(c), Class E airspace designated in conjunction with an airport that has an approved instrument approach procedure extends upward from 700 feet or more above the surface.

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Answer

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Answer True

True. Section 71.71(c) describes Class E airspace areas that extend upward from 700 feet or more above the surface when designated in conjunction with an airport for which an approved instrument approach procedure has been prescribed, or from 1,200 feet or more above the surface when designated for transitioning to or from the terminal or en route environment. Unless otherwise specified, these areas extend up to, but not including, 14,500 feet MSL.

Sources

  1. Federal Aviation Administration · § 71.71(c) · Primary source · checked
    “which extend upward from 700 feet or more above the surface of the earth when designated in conjunction with an airport for which an approved instrument approach procedure has been prescribed, or from 1,200 feet or more above the surface of the earth for the purpose of transitioning to or from the terminal or en route environment.”
  2. Federal Aviation Administration · § 71.71(c) · Primary source · checked
    “Unless otherwise specified, the airspace areas in the paragraph extend upward from 1,200 feet or higher above the surface to, but not including, 14,500 feet MSL.”

Updated · Exam outline: 107.73(b)

Form 22 / 24 #XHN9SC #

A remote pilot flies a small UA under Part 107 at 300 feet AGL by day in Class G airspace. Which weather minimums apply to the flight?

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Answer

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Answer Flight visibility of 3 statute miles; 500 feet below and 2,000 feet horizontally from clouds

Unless a certificate of waiver under 107.205(i) provides otherwise, 107.51 sets these minimums for Part 107 operations: flight visibility of at least 3 statute miles, observed from the control station, and at least 500 feet below and 2,000 feet horizontally from clouds. The 91.155 VFR table does not govern, because Part 107 operations need not comply with Part 91 unless Part 107 explicitly directs it. That table's Class G daytime value below 1,200 feet for aircraft other than helicopters (1 statute mile, clear of clouds) is lower than Part 107 allows, and its 1,000-feet-above clearance is not a Part 107 requirement.

Sources

  1. Federal Aviation Administration · § 107.51(c)–(d) · Primary source · checked
    “(c) The minimum flight visibility, as observed from the location of the control station must be no less than 3 statute miles. … (d) The minimum distance of the small unmanned aircraft from clouds must be no less than: (1) 500 feet below the cloud; and (2) 2,000 feet horizontally from the cloud.”
  2. Federal Aviation Administration · § 107.205(i) · Primary source · checked
    “(i) Section 107.51—Operating limitations for small unmanned aircraft.”
  3. Federal Aviation Administration · 81 FR 42064 at 42145, § III.E.5.a Operations in Class B, C, D, and Lateral Boundaries of the Surface Area of Class E Airspace Designated for an Airport · Primary source · checked
    “In response, the FAA notes that operations conducted under part 107 do not need to comply with part 91 unless explicitly directed by part 107.”
  4. Federal Aviation Administration · § 91.155(a) (table, Class G) · Primary source · checked
    “1,200 feet or less above the surface (regardless of MSL altitude) For aircraft other than helicopters: Day, except as provided in § 91.155(b) 1 statute mile Clear of clouds.”

Updated · Exam outline: 107.73(b)

Form 23 / 24 #KJNEFN #

According to the Part 107 preamble, what can an airport operator do about small UA flights near its airport?

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Answer

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Answer Recommend areas where small UA should operate, to avoid conflicts with manned aircraft

The preamble explains that under 49 U.S.C. 40103 the FAA has the sole authority to regulate airspace, including airspace overlying an airport. Airport operators can manage operations on the surface of the airport but may not regulate the use of airspace above and near the airport, so neither an approval requirement nor a local airspace closure is open to them. What they may do is recommend certain areas where small UAS operate, in order to avoid conflicts with manned aircraft.

Sources

  1. Federal Aviation Administration · 81 FR 42064 at 42149, § III.E.5.e Operations in Class G Airspace · Primary source · checked
    “Under 49 U.S.C. 40103, the FAA has the sole authority to regulate airspace, including airspace overlying an airport. … airport operators may not regulate the use of airspace above and near the airport. … airport operators may recommend certain areas where small UAS operate, in order to avoid conflicts with manned aircraft.”

Updated · Exam outline: 107.73(k)

Form 24 / 24 #XGN664 True / False #

When it is active, a military operations area (MOA) is among the areas covered by the using-agency permission rule of 14 CFR 107.45.

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Answer

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Answer False

False. Section 107.45 requires using or controlling agency permission only for prohibited or restricted areas, which Part 73 designates in its subparts B and C; a military operations area is neither. The preamble instead says remote pilots must be aware of their location in relation to military training routes and MOAs and must use extreme caution when operating through them, because the high speed of some military aircraft makes the necessary reaction time substantially less. Checking the NOTAM system or the responsible Flight Service Station for activity in these areas helps.

Sources

  1. Federal Aviation Administration · § 107.45 · Primary source · checked
    “No person may operate a small unmanned aircraft in prohibited or restricted areas unless that person has permission from the using or controlling agency, as appropriate.”
  2. Federal Aviation Administration · § 73.1 · Primary source · checked
    “The airspace that is described in subpart B and subpart C of this part is designated as special use airspace.”
  3. Federal Aviation Administration · 81 FR 42064 at 42148, § III.E.5.d Areas Designated by Notice to Airmen · Primary source · checked
    “UAS remote pilots must be aware of their location and operating environment in relation to MTRs and MOAs. As part of their see and avoid responsibilities, remote pilots must use extreme caution when operating through an MTR or MOA. Because of the high speed of some military aircraft, the necessary reaction time will be substantially less in an MTR or MOA.”
  4. Federal Aviation Administration · 81 FR 42064 at 42148, § III.E.5.d Areas Designated by Notice to Airmen · Primary source · checked
    “Checking the NOTAM system and/or the responsible Flight Service Station for activity in these areas will provide information to a remote pilot that will help ensure a safe flight.”

Updated · Exam outline: 107.73(b)

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